Vaccinations
Vaccinations for early years children
Vaccinations are one of the most effective ways to protect your child from serious illnesses. Between the ages of 2 and 4, your child will be offered several important vaccines as part of the NHS childhood immunisation schedule. These help build immunity before they start school and mix more widely with other children.
Here’s what you need to know to stay on track and keep your little one protected.
Why vaccinations matter
Vaccines work by preparing your child’s immune system to fight off specific diseases. They don’t just protect your child - they help prevent outbreaks in the wider community. Diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella can spread quickly and cause serious complications, but vaccination keeps these risks low.
Key vaccines between ages 2 and 4
During this stage, your child will be offered:
- pre-school booster (around age 3 years 4 months) This includes:
- DTaP/IPV: Protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), and polio
- MMR: A second dose to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella
- annual flu vaccine (ages 2-4) Given as a nasal spray, this helps protect against seasonal flu. It’s offered every autumn and is especially important for young children who can become seriously ill from flu.
What to expect
Vaccinations are usually given at your GP surgery by a nurse. The appointments are quick, and while your child may cry or feel a little sore afterwards, side effects are generally mild and short-lived.
Common reactions include:
- redness or swelling at the injection site
- mild fever
- feeling tired or irritable
Serious side effects are extremely rare, and the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.
Keeping track
You’ll receive reminders from your GP when vaccinations are due, but it’s a good idea to keep your child’s Red Book (Personal Child Health Record) up to date. If you’re unsure whether your child is up to date, contact your GP practice for advice.
Support and information
If you have questions or concerns about vaccines, speak to your health visitor or GP. You can also find reliable information from:
Final thought
Vaccinating your child between the ages of 2 and 4 is a vital step in giving them a healthy start. It’s quick, safe, and free - and it helps protect not just your child, but the whole community.