Smoking and alcohol during pregnancy

Smoking during pregnancy

Why quitting smoking matters for you and your baby:

• stopping smoking before or during pregnancy leads to a safer pregnancy and healthier baby
• continuing to smoke after birth increases risks of SIDS, breathing issues, ear infections, and behavioural problems
• breastfeeding mothers are encouraged to quit smoking but should not stop breastfeeding if quitting is difficult
• support is available to help quit smoking, even if previous attempts failed

Pregnancy is a time of profound change, not just physically but emotionally and socially. For expectant parents, making healthy choices is one of the most important ways to support a baby’s development. Two of the most critical lifestyle changes during pregnancy involve avoiding smoking and alcohol. Here’s what you need to know.

Why smoking is harmful during pregnancy

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of serious complications for both mother and baby. Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals that can restrict oxygen supply and affect the baby’s growth. Smoking is linked to:

• premature birth
• low birth weight
• increased risk of miscarriage
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Even after birth, exposure to second-hand smoke can lead to breathing problems, ear infections, and behavioural issues in children. If you’re breastfeeding, quitting smoking is strongly encouraged, but continuing to breastfeed is still better than stopping altogether.

Support for quitting smoking

Quitting smoking can be challenging, especially if you’ve tried before. But help is available. NHS stop smoking services offer free support, including one-to-one counselling, nicotine replacement therapies, and group sessions. Your midwife, GP, or pharmacist can guide you to the right resources.

The risks of alcohol during pregnancy

There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. Drinking can lead to a range of developmental problems known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), which may affect a child’s physical health, learning ability, and behaviour.

The safest choice is to avoid alcohol completely from conception through birth. If you’re struggling to stop drinking, it’s important to seek help early.

Where to find help

These organisations offer support for those trying to quit alcohol during pregnancy:

Drinkaware – offers information and a national alcohol helpline

We Are With You – provides confidential support for alcohol and drug misuse across the UK

Alcoholics Anonymous (UK) – runs free self-help groups and a 24-hour helpline

Your midwife or GP can also refer you to local services tailored to your needs.

A healthier start for your baby

Quitting smoking and alcohol is one of the most powerful steps you can take to protect your baby’s health. Whether you’re planning a pregnancy, already expecting, or supporting a partner through this journey, know that help is available - and change is possible.

If you’re unsure where to begin, speak to your healthcare provider. Every small step counts, and you don’t have to take them alone.